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.The TIMEOUT value is the amount of time in seconds your modem will wait for a carriagereturn from the caller before it disconnects.The INIT string initializes your modem (note thatyou could also put the previous AT command string in here, too), and the CONNECT stringcontains the AT command to answer the phone.The DELAY is the amount of time in secondsbefore the contents of the file /etc/issue, the login banner, is sent to the screen.You should be familiar with the contents of the /etc/issue file, because itcontains the text printed on your display right before the login prompt.This file is created by the startup script rc.local in the /etc/rc.dJUST A MINUTEdirectory every time you start Linux as part of the booting process.Youcan customize the rc.local script if you d like a different login banner.The third step involves a one-line edit of the /etc/inittab, or initialization table, file.If youlook in this file, you should see these lines:# cat /etc/inittab.# Run gettys in standard runlevels1:12345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty12:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty23:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty34:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty45:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty56:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty6.Each line represents a different Linux runlevel, documented at the beginning of the /etc/inittab file.This discussion doesn t cover runlevels or the details of how Linux boots, butall you have to do to enable dial-in logins for your Linux system is to change the followingline:3:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty3to3:2345:respawn:/sbin/uugetty -d /etc/conf.uugetty.ttyS1 ttyS1 38400 vt100 150 Hour 9You should then save the file and restart your system.This line tells Linux to start the uugettycommand and have uugetty monitor your /dev/ttyS1 serial port for incoming calls.If youcall into your Linux system, the modem will synchronize with your calling modem s speed,wait for a carriage return (or Enter keystroke), and then present a login prompt.If you ve set up your system to accept incoming calls, you should runminicom as the root operator and make sure that the serial device listedunder serial port setup in the configuration menu is the name of yourTIME SAVERmodem s actual device, such as /dev/cua1, and not a symbolic link suchas /dev/modem.Sending and Receiving FaxesIf your modem supports fax protocols, chances are that you can send and receive faxes withLinux.Sending and receiving faxes under Linux involves graphics translation of received filesand files you want to send.Your Linux distribution on the CD-ROM contains the efaxfamily of fax software and documentation.You should have your modem s documentationon hand and read the efax manual pages and documentation under the /usr/doc directorycarefully before you start.Faxing with the efax SystemTheefax system, by Ed Casas, is a simple and easy-to-use fax system, best suited, accordingto its documentation, to a single-user, standalone Linux system.This software consists of aseries of programs and scripts, and supports Class 1 and 2 fax modems.The system is made up of the following programs:/usr/bin/efax The faxing program/usr/bin/efix A graphics conversion program used to prepare text files for faxingor converting files to different graphics formats/usr/bin/fax A shell script used to create, send, receive, display, or print fax filesIf you want to preview or fax PostScript graphics files, you ll also need to have the gsPostScript interpreter and the companion viewer, ghostview, installed on your system.Forviewing received faxes, you can use the X11 clients xv, xloadimage, or xwud.9 Using Communications Programs 151Before you make changes to the /usr/bin/fax shell script, make a copyfirst.If you make errors or delete the file, you ll need to reinstall the efaxsoftware.CAUTIONBefore you start sending or receiving faxes, you should take a look at the /usr/bin/fax shellscript.This program is the main way you ll send or receive faxes, but you ll need to checkseveral sections in the file to make sure that the script is configured properly.For example,9the first section lists the names of the efax programs:FAX=/usr/bin/faxEFAX=/usr/bin/efaxEFIX=/usr/bin/efixThese shouldn t pose a problem, because the programs are installed in the correct place whenyou installed the software.The next section lists your modem:DEV=modemYou can use the word modem if you ve created a symbolic link.However, if you have Linuxset up to answer incoming calls for logins, you should use the actual name of the devicefor example, cua1.The next section to check is the type of faxing your modem supports:# CLASS=1CLASS=2# CLASS=2.0Comment or uncomment the proper support by using the octothorpe, or pound character(#), but make sure that only one CLASS is listed.After this, you ll want to customize yourfaxes with your phone number:# Use only digits, spaces, and the + character.FROM= 0 000 000 0000"# Your name as it should appear on the page header.NAME= from a Red Hat Linux system Enter your phone number, such as 1 202 555 1212, and name, such as CatherineTaulbee, into the these strings.Finally, you ll want to set the default page size for faxingfor example,PAGE=letter# PAGE=legal# PAGE=a4 152 Hour 9Comment or uncomment the different page sizes, but use only one.After you finish makingyour changes, you should try the fax command to test your configuration and modem byusing the test command-line option for example,# fax test--------------------------------------Please wait, this will take a minute.---------------------------------------- /usr/bin/fax --FAX=/usr/bin/faxEFAX=/usr/bin/efaxEFIX=/usr/bin/efixDEV=cua1CLASS=2.You ll get a three-page listing of information about your configuration, and your modem sresponse to the fax script s queries.If you d like to see this information at your leisure, redirectthe output of the text to a file for example,# fax test > faxtest.txtYou can then read about any error messages or problems with missing software.Assumingthat everything is OK, you can then try faxing a document by using the fax command:# fax send -l 12025551212 faxtest.txtThis tells the fax program to send a low-resolution, or 98 lines per inch, fax by using the faxtesting information you created.To send a high-resolution fax, no option is needed forexample,# fax send 7201945 faxtest.txtfaxtest.txt is text./usr/bin/efax: Thu Dec 04 16:29:14 1997 efax v 0.8a Copyright 1996 Ed Casasefax: 29:14 opened /dev/cua1efax: 29:16 dialing T7201945efax: 29:52 connectedefax: 29:59 session 196lpi 9600bps 8.5"/215mm 11"/A4 1D - - 0msefax: 29:59 header:[97/12/04 16:29 William H.Ball (+657 0210)--> 7201945 p.1/4]efax: 30:32 sent 20+2156 lines, 38848+0 bytes, 33 s 9417 bpsefax: 30:35 sent -> faxtest.txt.001efax: 30:36 header:[97/12/04 16:29 William H.Ball (+657 0210)--> 7201945 p.2/4]efax: 30:54 sent 20+2156 lines, 20854+0 bytes, 18 s 9268 bpsefax: 30:57 sent -> faxtest.txt.002efax: 30:58 header:[97/12/04 16:29 William H.Ball (+657 0210)9 Using Communications Programs 153--> 7201945 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