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.Cassell, “Slaves of the Chesapeake Bay Area and the War of ,” Journal ofNegro History (April ): –; Christopher T.George, “Mirage of Freedom: AfricanAmericans in the War of ,” Maryland Historical Magazine (December ): –. “Confession of Tom,” in Flourney, ed., Calendar of Virginia State Papers, :–. Wilson Cary Nicholas to William Branch Giles, January , , Wilson Cary NicholasPapers, LC; Charles K.Mallory to James Barbour, February , , and James Monroe toJames Barbour, March , , in Flourney, Calendar of Virginia State Papers, :–.Seealso John C.A.Stagg, Mr.Madison’s War (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, ),–. “Indemnities Due Under the Award of the Emperor of Russia for Slaves and Other PrivateProperty Carried Away by the British Forces in Violation of the Treaty of Ghent,” in UnitedStates Congress, American State Papers; Documents, Legislative and Executive: Foreign Relations(Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, –), :–. Proclamation of Alexander Cochrane, April , in William R.Manning, ed., DiplomaticCorrespondence of the United States: Canadian Relations, 1784–1860 (Washington, DC: CarnegieEndowment, ), :–. Robert Gleig, A Subaltern in America: Comprising His Narrative of the Campaigns of the BritishArmy, at Baltimore, Washington, etc., etc.During the Late War (Philadelphia: Carey and Hart,), ; Roger Norman Buckley, Slaves in Red Coats: Th e British West India Regiments,1795–1815 (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, ), –. John Coalter to Joseph C.Cabell, April , Cabell Family Papers, UVA. Thomas Jeff erson to Edward Coles, August , , in Th e Writings of Th omas Jeff erson, ed.PaulLeicester Ford (New York: G.P.Putnam’s Sons, ), :–. On Mercer, see Douglas Egerton, Charles Fenton Mercer and the Trial of National Conservatism(Oxford: University Press of Mississippi, ), esp.–. Charles Fenton Mercer, An Address to the American Colonization Society at Th eir 36th AnnualMeeting (Geneva, ); Charles Fenton Mercer to John H.Cocke, April , , CockeCollection, UVA. Charles Mercer’s interest in colonization was more conservative than humanitarian.To be sure,Mercer readily admitted that “slavery is wrong” and denounced the institution as the “blackestof all blots and foulest of deformities.” But Mercer also argued that “freeing the slaves nowwould do more harm than good.” He regularly insisted that colonization had “nothing.to dowith domestic slavery” but only with the removal of free blacks.The Virginian’s views on freeblacks were strikingly harsh but not atypical.Mercer casually asserted that “more than half ” ofall free black women were “prostitutes” and more than half of all free back males were “rogues.”Colonization, he insisted, would free the state from a group of people who were “every daypolluting and corrupting public morals.” Egerton, Charles Fenton Mercer, –. P.J.Staudenraus, Th e African Colonization Movement, 1816–1865 (New York :Columbia UniversityPress, ), –, –; see also Douglas B.Egerton, “ ‘Its Origin Is Not a Little Curious’:A New Look At the American Colonization Society,” Journal of the Early Republic (Winter): –; David M.Streiff ord, “The American Colonization Society: An Application ofRepublican Ideology to Early Antebellum Reform,” Journal of Southern History (May ):–N O T E S T O P A G E S 7 1 — 7 3561 The best overall analysis of the American Colonization Society remains P.J.Staudenraus, Th eAmerican Colonization Movement, 1816–1865 (New York: Columbia University Press, ).On points made in this paragraph, see esp.– and –. Robert G.Harper, A Letter from Gen.Harper, of Maryland, to Elias B.Caldwell, Esq., Secre-tary of the American Society for Colonizing the Free People of Colour, in the United States, withTh eir Own Consent (Baltimore, ); but see also Christopher Phillips, “The Dear Name ofHome: Resistance to Colonization in Antebellum Baltimore,” Maryland Historical Magazine (): –. Adams, who eyed Crawford as a potential presidential rival, privately admitted that hethought the whole proposal merely a popularity-seeking gimmick concocted by the Georgian.Staudenraus, Th e African Colonization Movement, –; William H.Hoyt, Th e Papers ofArchibald D.Murphey (Raleigh, NC: E.M.Uzzell, ), :–; Th irty-Sixth Annual Reportof the American Colonization Society (Washington, DC, ), –. Memoirs of John Quincy Adams, ed.Charles Francis Adams (Philadelphia: J.B.Lippincott,–), :–, –; Edward S
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