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. 756THEEPISTLE OF JUDE1.Jude.Rev., Judas.One of the brethren of Jesus; not the brother ofJames the Apostle, the son of Alphaeus, but of James the superintendentof the church at Jerusalem.He is named among the brethren of the Lord.Matthew 13:55; Mark 6:3.Servant.He does not call himself an apostle, as Paul and Peter in theirintroductions, and seems to distinguish himself from the apostles in vv.17, 18: The apostles of our Lord Jesus Christ, how that they said, etc.We are told that Christ s brethren did not believe on him (John 7:5); and inActs 1 the brethren of Jesus (ver.14) are mentioned in a way which seemsto separate them from the apostles.Dou~lov, bond-servant, occurs in theintroductions to Romans, Philippians, Titus, James, and 2 Peter.Brother of James.That Jude does not allude to his relationship to theLord may be explained by the fact that the natural relationship in his mindwould be subordinate to the spiritual (see Luke 11:27, 28), and that such adesignation would, as Dean Alford remarks, have been in harmony withthose later and superstitious feelings with which the next and followingages regarded the Lord s earthly relatives. He would shrink fromemphasizing a distinction to which none of the other disciples or apostlescould have a claim, the more so because of his former unbelief in Christ sauthority and mission.It is noticeable that James likewise avoids such adesignation.Kept.See on 1 Peter 1:4.Compare John 17:6,12.In Jesus Christ ( Ihsou~ Cristw|~).The simple dative withoutpreposition.Therefore for Jesus Christ; by the Father to whom Christcommitted them (John 17:11).Compare 1 Thessalonians 5:23; Philippians1:6, 10.Called (klhtoi~v).At the end of the verse, for emphasis. 7572.Love.Peculiar to Jude in salutation.3.Beloved.Occurring at the beginning of an epistle only here and 3 John2.When I gave all diligence (pa~san spoudhmenov).Lit., makingall diligence; the phrase found only here.In Hebrews 6:11, we find shewdiligence (ejndei>knusqai); and in 2 Peter 1:5, adding diligence. Seenote there.The common salvation.The best texts add hJmw~n, of us.So Rev., ourcommon salvation. It was needful (ajna>gkhn e]scon).Lit., I had necessity.Alford, I found itnecessary.Rev., I was constrained.Earnestly contend (ejpagwni>zesqai).Only here in New Testament.The faith.The sum of what Christians believe.See on Acts 6:7.Once (a[pax).Nor formerly, but once for all.So Rev., No other faith willbe given, says Bengel.4.With the whole verse compare 2 Peter 2:1.Crept in unawares (pareise>dusan).Rev., privily.See on 2 Peter 2:1.The verb means to get in by the side (para>), to slip in by a side-door.Only here in New Testament.Ordained (progegramme>noi).The meaning is in dispute.The wordoccurs four times in New Testament.In two of these instances pro> hasclearly the temporal sense before (Romans 15:4; Ephesians 3:3).InGalatians 3:1, it is taken by some in the sense of openly, publicly (see notethere).It seems better, on the whole, to take it here in the temporal sense,and to render written of beforehand, i.e., in prophecy as referred to in vv.14, 15.So the American Rev. 758Lasciviousness.See on 1 Peter 4:3.Lord God.God is omitted in the best texts.On Lord (despo>thn), see on 2Peter 2:1.5.Ye once knew (eijdo>tav a[pax).Entirely wrong.The participle is to berendered as present, and the once is not formerly, but once for all, as ver.3.So Rev., rightly, though ye know all things once for all.6.First estate (ajrch, principalities; as Romans 8:38; Ephesians 1:21; sothat this term would be appropriate to designate their dignity, which theyforsook.Habitation (oijkhth>rion).Only here and 2 Corinthians 5:2.Everlasting (aji`di>oiv).Only here and Romans 1:20.For a longer formajei>diov, from ajei>, always.Under darkness (u[po zo>fon).under carries the sense of the darknessbrooking over the fallen spirits.On darkness, see on 2 Peter 2:4.CompareHeriod: There the Titanian gods, to murky gloomCondemned by will of cloud-collecting Jove, 759Lie hid in region foul. Theogony, v., 729.7.The cities about them.Admah and Zeboim.Deuteronomy 29:23;Hosea 11:8.Giving themselves over to fornication (ejkporeu>sasai).Rev., morestrictly, having given, etc.Only here in New Testament.The force of ejkis out and out; giving themselves up utterly.See on followed, 2 Peter 1:16.Going after (ajpelqou~sai ojpi>sw).The aorist participle.Rev., havinggone.The phrase occurs Mark 1:20; James and John leaving their fatherand going after Jesus. The world is gone after him (John 12:19).Heremetaphorical.The force of ajpo>is away; turning away from purity, andgoing after strange flesh.Strange flesh.Compare 2 Peter 2:10; and see Romans 1:27; Leviticus18:22, 23.Also Jowett s introduction to Plato s Symposium; Plato s Laws, viii., 836, 841; Dollinger, The Gentile and the Jew, Darnell strans., ii., 238 sq.Are set forth (pro>keintai).The verb means, literally, to lie exposed.Used of meats on the table ready for the guests; of a corpse laid out forburial; of a question under discussion.Thus the corruption andpunishment of the cities of the plain are laid out in plain sight.As an example (dei~gma).Only here in New Testament.Fromdei>knumai, to display or exhibit; something, therefore, which is held up toview as a warning
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