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.ÿþ24.Ernest Trice Thompson, Presbyterians in the South, 3 vols.(Richmond, Va., 1963 73), 1:11 28, 41109.25.Maldwyn A.Jones, The Scotch-Irish in British America, in Bailyn and Morgan, eds., Strangerswithin the Realm, 284 313; Thompson, Presbyterians in the South, 1:41 51.26.Isaac, Transformation of Virginia, 137.27.Stuart Bruchey, ed., The Colonial Merchant: Sources and Readings (New York, 1966), 24.On theachievements of the Scots merchants, see Eric Richards, Scotland and the Uses of the Atlantic Em-pire, in Bailyn and Morgan, eds., Strangers within the Realm, 78 79, 96; Barbara De Wolfe, ed., Discoveriesof America: Personal Accounts of British Emigrants to North America during the Revolutionary Era (Cambridge,1997),149 64.28.Richards, Scotland and the Uses of the Atlantic Empire, 96.See also Charles Royster, TheFabulous History of the Dismal Swamp Company: A Story of George Washington s Times (New York, 1999), 63.29.Negative responses to Scots traders were not peculiar to Virginia.Colley notes that the Houseof Commons in 1748 attempted unsuccessfully to place a limit on the number of Scots trading inEngland.Colley, Britons, 39.30.As quoted in Richards, Scotland and the Uses of the Atlantic Empire, 68.31.Carpenter, Protestant Bishop, 307 8.32.For the difficult and complex circumstances of Episcopalians in Scotland, see Carpenter, Sher-lock, 83.W.R.Ward portrays Episcopalians of northeast Scotland as reacting to Presbyterianism witha combined focus on liturgy and mysticism.Did this get transmitted to eighteenth-century Vir-ginia? W.R.Ward, Anglicanism and Assimilation: Or, Mysticism and Mayhem in the EighteenthCentury, in Jacob and Yates, eds., Crown and Mitre, 85.33.Nicholas Moreau to the Bishop of Litchfield and Coventry, 16 April 1697, Perry, 1:30.34.Fulham Papers, 11:56.35.Christopher Wilkinson to the Bishop of London, 26 May 1718, Perry, 4:108.36.William Dawson to the Bishop of London,11 July1749, Fulham Papers, 13:29.This view seemsto have had wide currency.William Nelson, president of the council, observed in 1771: many ofour clergy were bred up Dissenters, whose Eyes have been open d by the glare of 16000lbs Tobop.annum. William Nelson to Edward Hunt, 11 May 1771, WMQ 1st ser., 5 (1897): 150.At least oneScot, Andrew Jackson, who served in Christ Church Parish (Lancaster County) from 1683 to 1710,officiated without benefit of episcopal ordination.He owed his appointment to Lord Howard ofEffingham, who as governor likely was responding to a desperate shortage of ministers.The arch-bishop of Canterbury in the seventeenth century had authority to license a minister of Genevan orPresbyterian ordination.Brydon, 1:29.37.Isaac Giberne to the Bishop of London, 31 August 1764, Fulham Papers, 14:41.See also Gov.Francis Fauquier to the Bishop of London, 24 November 1764, Reese, Fauquier Papers, 3:1185 86.38. Increasingly, Scots came face-to-face with the English, cast in the role of inferiors, as provin-cials on the make.For a time it made some of them figures of derision; eventually they outgrew theirreputation and developed several types of status far beyond earlier expectations. Richards, Scot-land and the Uses of the Atlantic Empire, 84 85.James Walsh assumes that prevalent anti-Scotssentiment was a factor in creating a negative image of Virginia s Anglican parsons, but he does nottest this against the impressive integration of Scots parsons in the establishment.James P.Walsh, Black Cotted Rascals : Anti-Anglican Criticism in Colonial Virginia, VMHB 88 (1980): 23.39.Virginia s most notable colonial clergyman was a Scot.No account of the church would becomplete without recognition of James Blair.His fame, of course, derives largely from his publiccareer as the first bishop s commissary, member of the Royal Council, and the founder and firstpresident of the College of William and Mary.For Blair, see Parke Rouse Jr., James Blair of Virginia(Chapel Hill, N.C.,1971); Brydon,1:229 32, 276 79; Richard Morton, Colonial Virginia, 2 vols.(ChapelHill, N.C., 1960), 1:342 65, 376 88; Woolverton, Colonial Anglicanism, 96, 142 48; William B.Sprague,Annals of the American Pulpit: Or, Commemorative Notices of Distinguished American Clergymen of Various Denomi-nations, from the Early Settlements of the Country to the Close of the Year Eighteen Hundred Fifty-Five, 9 vols.(NewYork, 1857 69), 5:7 9; and Michael Anesko, So Discreet a Zeal: Slavery and the Anglican Churchin Virginia, 1680 1730, VMHB 93 (1985): 265 68.Easily overlooked are his fifty-eight years of service.374 notes to pages 92 94
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