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.114.Voskhod no.5, 21 Jan.1901: 13.115.Voskhod no.25, 12 April 1901: 15.116.Nathans, Beyond the Pale, 138 140.117.Voskhod no.9, 3 Feb.1900: 12; no.25, 12 April 1901: 14.118.Voskhod no.49, 5 Dec.1903: 26 27.119.TsDIAU f.442, op.628, spr.190.120.EE, s.v. Ravvinat ; Levitats, Jewish Community, 85; Voskhod no.25, 19 June 1903:13.The system was indirect, with parishioners voting for electors, who then cast the decidingballots.121.DAmK f.17 (Kievskaia gorodskaia duma), op.4, spr.659 ( O naznachenii v g.Kieveravvina ).122.Freeze, Jewish Marriage and Divorce, 98 106.123.Gessen, Istoriia, II: 175.124.Shohat, Mosad ha-rabanut, 52, 56, 58; Freeze, Jewish Marriage and Divorce, 104 105.125.At the dedication of the new building of the Jewish Hospital, for example: Ha-melitsno.81, 1 Nov.1885: 1311 1317.126.Ha-melits no.108, 17 May 1896: 3 4.127.TsDIAU f.442, op.525, spr.172 ( Po prosheniiu Kievskogo ravvina Tsukkerman oprisvoenii emu zvanii potomstvennogo pochetnogo grazhdanina ). NOTES TO PAGES 87 92 337128.Communal dissident Shtammer s claim that Tsukkerman s annual income was verylarge at least 6,000 rubles a year is substantiated by Darewski s mention of the Crownrabbi s salary being 2,000 rubles after the two-thirds cut of all communal expenses by thegovernor-general in 1892.Kto vinovat? K vyboram ravvina v Kieve, 17.Ha-melits no.290, 30 Dec.1892: 5 6.To put this amount into perspective, one of the indigent spiritual rabbis of Kiev wasgiven a monthly subsidy of 20 rubles to cover rent for what was probably a very modest apart-ment.Ha-melits no.40, 16 Feb.1896: 5.129.Sholem Aleichem, From the Fair, 262 263.130.Kol mevaser no.40, 14 Oct.1871: 298 300.131.Ha-melits no.11, 6 Feb.1884: 169.132.Ha-melits no.34, 6 May 1885: 550 551.133.Ha-melits no.11, 6 Feb.1884, p.169; Ha-melits no.34, 6 May 1885: 550 551.134.Ha-melits no.9, 11 Jan.1894: 2 3.135.Ha-melits no.231, 21 Oct.1894: 4 5; no.49, 28 Feb.1895: 1; no.69, 23 March1895: 1 2.136.Ha-melits no.290, 30 Dec.1892: 5 6.137.Ha-melits no.112, 17 May 1894: 4 5.138.Ha-melits no.251, 13 Nov.1892: 4 5.139.Ianovskii, Evreiskaia blagotvoritel nost , 19.140.Ha-melits no.39, 19 Sept.1899: 1194 97; Ianovskii, Evreiskaia blagotvoritel nost , 38.141.Ianovskii, Evreiskaia blagotvoritel nost , 16, 39.142.Ha-melits no.251, 13 Nov.1892: 4 5.143.Shtammer, Kto vinovat? 17 18.I have not been able to find any information onShtammer in other sources.144.Shtammer, Kto vinovat? 5.145.DAmK f.163 (Kievskaia gorodskaia uprava), op.7, spr.2069 ( O naznacheniivyborov ravvina po gorodu Kieva na trekhletie s 1897 po 1899 god ), ark.1 1zv.146.DAmK f.163 (Kievskaia gorodskaia uprava), op.7, spr.997 ( O vybore kievskogoravvina ); Kievlianin no.82, 13 April 1884: 1.147.Shtammer, Na Sud obshchestvennago mneniia, 11 13.According to Shtammer, thisoccurred in 1886 (Shtammer, Kto vinovat? 5), but archival records seem to show that the Gov-ernor of Kiev guberniia told the municipal administration (gorodskaia uprava) in 1881 that onlypermanent residents could vote.DAmK f.163, op.7, spr.2069, ark.1.148.Shtammer, Na Sud obshchestvennago mneniia, 13 14; Shtammer, Kto vinovat? 14 15.There is evidence that may substantiate Shtammer s claim that the change was motivated bya request from within the Jewish community: an 1897 memorandum from the guberniiaauthorities to the municipal administration notes that several Kiev Jews had petitioned topreserve the previous manner of carrying out rabbinical elections in Kiev, and the governor-general had acceded to their request.DAmK f.163, op.7, spr.2069, ark.20 21.According toPolishchuk, however, these laws were for Odessa, too, so perhaps they were meant to cover theentire empire: first the law on all Jews having the right to vote, and then the law on electors.Polishchuk, Evrei Odessy i Novorossii, 287.149.DAKO f.1 (Kievskoe gubernskoe pravlenie), op.141, spr.497 ( O vybore chlenovkhoziaistvennykh pravlenii v Kievskie evreiskie molel ni ), ark.4.150.Shohat, Mosad ha-rabanut, 53; Levitats, Jewish Community, 56.151.Kol mevaser no.31, 31 July 1869: 317 319.152.Kol mevaser no.42, 22 Oct.1870: 309 310. 338 NOTES TO PAGES 92 104153.DAKO f.1, op.336, d.6197 ( Spisok sinagog i evreiskikh molitvennykh domov v g.Kieve i uezde ), ark.1a 4zv.154.Kievlianin no.42, 9 April 1866: 161.155.DAmK f.17, op.4, spr.2643, ark.31.156.TsDIAU f.442, op.46, spr.35 ( Delo o razreshenii ravvinu Tsukkermanu postroit vg.Kieve molitvennyi dom ).157.Kol mevaser no.31, 31 July 1869: 317 319.158.[Kel berin], Desiatiletie Kievskago evreiskago khoral nago molitvennago doma, 5 6, 9.159.Ibid., 7.The petition is also cited in RGIA f.821, op.8, d.153, ll.7 8ob.160.Osip Rabinovich, Novaia evreiskaia sinagoge v Odesse, in Sochineniia (Odessa,1888), vol.3, 373 374, cited in Stanislawski, Tsar Nicholas, 140.161.TsDIAU f.442, op.528, spr.450, ark.17; Ha-melits no.223, 8 Oct.1891: 2.OnMontefiore, see Encyclopaedia Judaica, s.v. Moses Montefiore (vol.XII: 271).162.[Kel berin], Desiatiletie, 8.163.Ha-melits no.198, 31 Aug.1894: 2.164.Ha-melits no.108, 17 May 1896: 3 4.165.Ha-melits no.195, 31 Aug.1898: 2.166.Ha-melits no.34, 6 May 1885: 550 551.167.Ha-melits no.6, 21 Feb.1885: 88 93.168.TsDIAU f.442, op.528, spr.450, ark.11zv; Ha-melits no.223, 8 Oct.1891: 2;Ha-melits no.231, 21 Oct.1894: 4 5; Ha-melits no.108, 17 May 1896: 3 4.169.Friedmann, Sefer ha-zikhronot, 195 196.170.[Kel berin], Desiatiletie, 14 15.171.Ibid., 16 19.172.TsDIAU f.442, op.528, spr.450.173.Kel berin, Desiatiletie, 17.174.Nedel naia khronika Voskhoda no.46, 12 Nov.1895: 1265; TsDIAU f.442, op.528, spr.450, ark.46 51zv.175.DAmK f.163, op.7, spr.2069, ark.1 1zv.176.Voskhod no.25, 19 June 1903: 13.177.RGIA f.821, op.8, d.153, ll.26 33.3.The Consolidation of Jewish Kiev, 1881 19141.Starozhil [Sergei Iaron], Kiev, 28.2.The city s 1884 population is estimated at 154,000.Istoriia Kieva, I: 339.3.EE, s.v. Kiev. 4.Kievskoe Obshchestvo Gramotnosti, Otchet za.god (Kiev, 1896 1906).5.Khronika Voskhoda no.24, 13 June 1899; Izvestiia Kievskoi gorodskoi dumy no.6 (June)1906; Kievskaia gorodskaia uchilishchnaia komissiia, Otchet.za 1909 g.(Kiev, 1911).6.Sankt-Peterburgskie vedemosti no.175, 27 June 1884: 3.7.Wynn, Workers, Strikes, and Pogroms, 111.8.Cited in Nedel naia khronika Voskhoda no.35, 1 Sept.1885: 948.9.See, for example, Nedel naia khronika Voskhoda no.23, 5 June 1894.This was calledpo etapu in Russian.10.Voskhod no.60, 21 Oct.1901: 14.11
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